Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic Essay

Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic - Essay Example Later, in his testimony during the court case about the WBC’s deplorable actions—actions that should be stopped by community action and by legislation—Snyder stated, â€Å""They turned this funeral into a media circus and they wanted to hurt my family. They wanted their message heard and they didn't care who they stepped over. My son should have been buried with dignity, not with a bunch of clowns outside† (â€Å"Father† n.p.). The Westboro Baptist Church, located in Topeka, Kansas, has been protesting at funerals since 1991. As of 2009, they claim to have participated in over 41,000 protests in over 650 cities, and spend an average of $250,000 a year on picketing. They travel all over the U.S. to picket the funerals of anyone associated with gay people. For example, they picketed at the 1998 funeral of murder victim Matthew Shepherd and the 2010 funeral of Elizabeth Edwards because she supported gay people (Borger n.p.). The WBC also protests at funerals of slain military personnel like Snyder’s.Why would the WBC participate in such activities—activities that even Fox News commentator Bill O’Reilly calls â€Å"evil and despicable† (Cohen n.p.)? ... They picket at funerals to express their views, and to get the word out about their opposition to gay rights, the Catholic Church, Jews, and other topics. They believe that anyone who is opposed to their way of seeing things is going to hell, and they feel compelled to make sure that people know this. Several weeks after Matthew Snyder’s funeral, for example, the WBC denounced Snyder’s family for raising their son Catholic. There have been many responses to their actions. One of these is through the courts, which is what the Snyder family did. Later in 2007, they sued Fred Phelps, the Westboro Baptist Church, and two of Phelps’ daughters on several legal grounds, including defamation and invasion of privacy. The suit claimed that Phelps’ religious views did not expose the Snyders to public hatred or scorn. The WBC’s main defense, in addition to exercising their constitutional right to free speech and free assembly, was that they had complied with al l local ordinances regarding picketing and had obeyed all police instructions. The picket occurred 1000 feet from the funeral site, in a location cordoned off by the police, and could neither be seen or heard by the funeral participants. The judge, in his instructions to the jury, said that they needed to decide â€Å"whether the defendant's actions would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, whether they were extreme and outrageous and whether these actions were so offensive and shocking as to not be entitled to First Amendment protection† (Donaldson-Evans n.p.). This is the crux of the argument against the WBC, and perhaps explains the outcome of the case: the jury awarded Albert Snyder almost $3 million in punitive damages for invasion

Legal system in Great Britain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legal system in Great Britain - Case Study Example Precedent brings consistency to the English legal system, in that two cases with similar material facts will be treated in the same manner. No legal system can be perceived as fair unless everyone receives equal treatment. Predictability allows lawyers to advice their clients with some degree of certainty. Certainty is an important advantage from the existence of precedent. A judge may be prevented from making a mistake, which he or she might have made if there were not any guidance available. However, some may feel that treating two cases alike doesn't allow for much freedom and rigidity is formed, inhibiting the development of the law and therefore giving the impression that the law of precedent is strict and inflexible. A criticism against the law of precedent is the fact that it can actually lead to a degree of rigidity in the system. Nevertheless, a judge may avoid following a previous decision in various ways. A judge may be able to distinguish an earlier case from the present case on its facts and thus avoid following it. No two cases will ever be identical in every way. The cases of Jordan (1956) 40 Cr App R 152 and Smith (1959) 2 A11 ER 193illustrate a 'real life' example of distinguishing two separate cases from one another. They may seem at first to be alike in many ways, but when the facts are investigated fully, its becomes obvious that they are actually different. This indicates that separate precedents would need to be used. A judge could avoid using a precedent because he or she found the ratio too obscure or the previous decision was per incuriam i.e. by mistake and without all the facts. Reversing occurs where a court higher up in the hierarchy overturns the decision of a lower court on appeal in the same case. The House of Lords has since 1966 indicated that it is actually prepared not follow its previous decisions if they feel that injustice will occur or there will be unreasonable restriction of the development of the law. Its own previous decisions as well as those by the House of Lords will bind the Court of Appeal, but there are two main exceptions to this rule. The court will choose which decision to follow if there are two conflicting decisions and will not follow one of its own decisions if it is inconsistent with a decision of the House of Lords or the Privacy. Miliangos v George Frank (Textiles) Ltd (1975) 3 A11 ER 801.Where a judge can actually avoid using a precedent it can be seen that the law of precedent is not as strict and inflexible as the title and some peoples opinions may suggest. However some judges (particularly in the Lords) have been, at times (and to an extent still are - holding decisions to be wrong, but not refusing to overrule them) very strict in their adherence to stare decisis i.e. they do not care whether a decision is 'right' or 'wrong', just or unjust. This can be seen as a big disadvantage as it means to say that judges have too much power at times and a bad precedent can be ignored which would make the law strict and inflexible at times. Other advantages include; how it is applicable to all future cases and is immediately operational. It is said that the legal system is "regulated" by constitutional conventions, whereas the truth is that those

Bok choy consumer fact report Essay Example for Free

Bok choy consumer fact report Essay Bok choy or bok choi, pronounced â€Å"bahk choy†, is a green leafy vegetable. It is sometimes referred to as â€Å"Chinese cabbage† or â€Å"the white cabbage†. The Chinese spelling is ‘bok choi† but in America it is known as ‘bok choy†. Bok choy is one of two types of Chinese cabbage, the other being Pe-tsai. However, bok choy has become popular in America after being grown in China for 1500 years. Because Chinese stir-fry and other popular Chinese foods have grown in popularity in North America, bok choy is becoming a well-known food in the United States and Canada. Although there are over 20 types of bok choy in Hong Kong, in the Americas you will usually only find the most popular type with crisp, white stalks and dark green, leafy tops. Nutrition Bok Choy is rich in beta carotene, Vitamin C and folic acid. Bok Choy also provides a good source of fiber. This vegetable is recommended by the American Cancer Society as a green leafy vegetable option for a healthy diet that is high in potassium and magnesium. These minerals have been shown to help regulate healthy levels of blood pressure and blood sugar. Because it is a sweeter, milder option to cabbage and other recommended green leafy vegetables, bok choy is also a preferable option for a diet rich in beta carotene and folic acid. Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating recognizes bok choy as a dark green, leafy vegetable. The food guide recommends at least one dark green vegetable daily. A serving is recognized as 1 cup of shredded bok choy stalk or 70 grams of leaves. Purchasing and Storage When selecting bok choy you must go to the produce department at your local grocer’s. Make sure you are selecting a vegetable with long, white and unblemished stalks. The leaves should be dark green tapering to a light green near the stalks and never limp. Stay away from any plants with yellow leaves or brown spots on the stalks. This is old or poorly grown bok choy. To store your bok choy, refrigerate in an unsealed plastic bag . Use bok choy within a week and preferably within 4 to 5 days of purchasing to get the best flavor from this vegetable. Preparation Bok choy can be prepared in many different ways. The most popular methods are to boil, saute, or steam the vegetable. Before cooking by any method, the bok choy must be cleaned properly. To do this, cut at the base so as to separate the stalks so they can be washed individually. Then, wash under cold running water. Make sure to clean the stalks and the leaves, scrubbing the stalks with a vegetable brush only if necessary. Drip dry is not necessary as steaming or boiling will wet the bok choy anyhow and it is okay to saute and stir fry wet. However, the stalks can be eaten raw like celery. But bok choy stalks are not stringy like celery so are even better! Try the stalks cut into strips and dipped in your favorite dip. Or boil stalks in salted water for four minutes, leaves for only two or three minutes and serve as is. If you wish to add more flavor, bok choy is known to go well with peppers, soy sauce, or sauteed in sesame oil. Because it is so versatile, this Chinese cabbage can be a side dish or added to a stir fry for a main dish. Recipes Bok Choy with Chestnuts 5 oz. Packaged, cooked Chestnuts 1 ? lb. bok choy salt and pepper 3 Tbsp of chicken broth ? tsp of potato flour mixed with a Tbsp of cold water 1 tsp of sesame oil 1 Tbsp Peanut oil for cooking

Using Data Wrangling and Gemms for Metadata Management

Using Data Wrangling and Gemms for Metadata Management Sharan Narke , Dr. Simon Caton AbstractData lakes are gestated as to be a unified data repository for an enterprise to store data without subjecting that data to any of the constraints while it is being dumped in to the repository. The main idea of this paper is to explain about the different processes involving curating of data in the data lake which facilitates and helps wide range of people other than IT staffs in an enterprise or organization Keywords- Data Lake ; Data Wrangling ; GEMMS I. INTRODUCTION In the current scenario, data is seen as a valuable asset for an enterprise or organization. Many of the organizations are now planning to provide with personalized or individual services to its customers and this strategy can achieved with the help of data lakes. Data wrangling refers to the process which starts right from data creation till its storage into the lakes. James Dixon, the originator of terminology explains the difference between data mart, datawarehouse and data lakes as, If data lake is assumed to be a large water body, where in the water can be used for any purpose then data mart is a store which has bottled drinking water and datawarehouse is marked as a single bottle of water (OLeary,2014). Even though data warehouses, data marts,databases are used for storing data, but data lakes provides with some additional features and even data lakes can work in accordance with all of the above ones. Data lakes address the daunting challenge : how to make an easy use of highly diverse data and provide knowledge? Huge quantity of data is available,but most of the times data is stored in information silos with or without connections between these data. If any clear insight is to be derived then data in t he silos is to be integrated.(Hai , et al. 2016) Instead of performing the traditional methods of data warehousing for data management likewise transforming ,cleaning and then storing into repository, here in the data is stored in original format and as required the data is processed in data lake. By implementing in such approach data integrity is achieved (Quix, et al.2016) As per the present situation in the big data world, evaluating large data sets with their quality cleaning them which are of various types has become a challenging task and data lakes can help in achieving them (Farid, et al. 2016) II. LITERATURE REVIEW For easing the process of data curating there are two methodologies namely Data wrangling and GEMMS which helps in achieving the curation process. A. Data Wrangling B. GEMMS A. Data Wrangling Data Curation is in use to mainly specify the required necessary steps in order to maintain and utilize data during its life cycle for future and current users Digital curation involves following steps The data is selected and appraised by archivists and creators of that data Evolving the provisions of intellectual access, storage which are redundant, transformation of data and then committing the specific data for long term usage Developing digital repositories which are trustworthy and durable Usage standard file formats and data encoding concepts Giving knowledge regarding the repositories to the individuals who are working with those repositories in order to make curation efforts successful(Terrizzano, et al.2015) Figure 1: Data Wrangling Process Overview(Terrizzano, et al.2015) In the above figure it represents a number of challenges inherent in creating, filling, maintaining, and governing a curated data lake, a set of processes that collectively define the actions of data wrangling Different steps involved in the data wrangling process are:   Ã‚   1. Procuring Data: It the first step of data wrangling process, Herein the required metadata and data is gathered so as it can be included into the data lakes(Terrizzano, et al.2015) 2. Vetting data for licensing and legal use: After the data procurement is done, then the terms and conditions are determined so as the data can be licensed (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 3. Obtaining and Describing Data: Once the licensing relating to the selected data is agreed upon, the next task is loading the data from source to data lake and the presence of data alone cannot serve the needs, data scientist working on that data should find out that data to be useful so that it can be used to derive useful information out of it. (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 4. Grooming and Provisioning Data: Data obtained in its raw form is often not suitable for direct use by analytics. We use the term data grooming to describe the step-by-step process through which raw data is made consumable by analytic applications. During Data Provisioning, we now focus on getting data into the data lake. We now turn to the means and policies by which consumers take data out of the data lake, a process we refer to as data provisioning (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 5. Preserving Data: This is the final step of the data curation process isManaging a data lake which requires attention to maintenance issues such as staleness, expiration, decommissions and renewals, as well as the logistical issues of the supporting technologies (assuring uptime access to data, sufficient storage space, etc.). (Terrizzano, et al.2015) B. GEMMS(Generic and Extensible Metadata Management System) Generic and Extensible Metadata Management System (GEMMS) which(i) extracts data and metadata from heterogeneous sources,(ii)stores the metadata in an extensible metamodel, (iii)enables the annotation of the metadata with semantic information, and (iv)provides basic querying support (Quix, et al.2016) We divide the functionalities of GEMMS into three parts: (i)metadata extraction,(ii) transformation of the metadata to the metadata model and (iii) metadata storage in a data store Figure 2: Overview of GEMMS system architecture (Quix, et al.2016) (i). The Metadata Manager invokes the functions of the other modules and controls the whole ingestion process. It is usually invoked at the arrival of new files, either explicitly by a user using the command-line interface or by a regularly scheduled job (ii). With the assistance of the Media Type Detector and the Parser Component, the Extractor Component extracts the metadata from files. Given an input file, the Media Type Detector detects its format, returns the information to the Extractor Component, which instantiates a corresponding Parser Component. (iii). The media type detector is based to a large degree on Apache Tika, a framework for the detection of file types and extraction of metadata and data for a large number of file types. Media type detection will first investigate the file extension, but as this might be too generic (iv). When the type of input file is known, the Parser Component can read the inner structure of the file and extract all the needed metadata (v). The Persistence Component accesses the data storage available for GEMMS. The Serialization Component performs the transformation between models and storage formats (Quix, et al.2016). Evaluation of GEMMS System: The goal of evaluation had two parts and GEMMS satisfies these to a major extent (i). GEMMS as a framework is actually useful, extensible, and flexible and that it reduces the effort for metadata management in data lakes (ii). GEMMS system can be applied to a system having large number of files (Quix, et al.2016) II. CONCLUSIONS Data lakes is getting hotter in enterprise IT architecture. However, the company should decide what kind of data lakes  they need based on the current data process systems. Data lakes have its own assumptions and maturity growing framework. The IT leader in large organization should pay attention to the data lakes and figure out their own way for implementing these new IT technologies in their organization (Fang,2015) In this paper, we discussed about Data wrangling , which helps in design, implementation and maintaining the data. Along side the metadata management aspects using GEMMS, which efficiently eases the process and giving the evaluation how GEMMS stays on top in the meta data management in the  data lakes which helps large organisation in managing the data if that organisation is implementing Data Lakes REFERENCES OLeary, D.E., 2014. Embedding AI and crowdsourcing in the big data lake. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 29(5), pp.70-73. Hai, R., Geisler, S. and Quix, C., 2016, June. Constance: An intelligent data lake system. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 2097-2100). ACM. Quix, C., Hai, R. and Vatov, I., 2016. Gemms: A generic and extensible metadata management system for data lakes. In CAiSE forum. Farid, M., Roatis, A., Ilyas, I.F., Hoffmann, H.F. and Chu, X., 2016, June. CLAMS: bringing quality to data lakes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 2089-2092). ACM. Terrizzano, I., Schwarz, P.M., Roth, M. and Colino, J.E., 2015. Data Wrangling: The Challenging Yourney from the Wild to the Lake. In CIDR.

Essay --

Montanna Williams Mrs. Songer World Literature 12 October 2013 Death In the writings The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Death of Ivan Ilyich both Ernest Hemmingway and Leo Tolstoy have a prominent theme of death. These two works do not only show strong images of death, but also a sense of death’s presence. Throughout the two writings it is presented that chasing money, how both Ivan and Harry treat the people around them, and their egotistical life style can lead to an unpleasant death. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro Harry’s fondness for money causes him to lose sight of what is critical in life. He gave up writing which is something he appreciated and was good at, for a wealthy woman that he truly did not love. Harry was more concerned with how he should act in his society instead of what he enjoys doing. He has a bad habit of falling in love with woman who were wealthy instead of looking for essential things like a woman’s beliefs and her values. â€Å"It was strange too wasn’t it? That when he fell in love with another woman, that woman should always have more money than the last one?† Harry knows what he missed out on and in the end he regrets that he stopped doing what he loved. On the other hand in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Tolstoy portrays almost every character in the book to be concerned with social class. Once Ivan’s colleges found out he died, after asking simple details, they immediately asked about if Ivan was wealthy or n ot. â€Å"Had he any property?† I think his wife had a little – but something quite trifling.† (1.12-13). Ivan and his family were not in the upper class of society, they were in the middle, and because they owned property it made them higher up in their social classe because that was very rare in Russia at that ... ... a person should look at their life and how they should face their death. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro Harry was not content with the life he had lived. He made sacrifices and in result he was just not happy, and because of his sacrifices he had many regrets as he was dying. On the other hand Ivan Ilyich was too engaged in his work life and ignored his family matters. He didn’t step up to the plate; instead he ran away from the issues and hid behind his work, therefore resulting in a very non-loving family life. Luckily Ivan found peace in himself as he was about to die, even becoming joyful. Both of these writings teach that going after materialistic things, the way a person treats the people around them, and being self-absorbed can cause a distasteful death. Living life to the fullest and making the most of it can enrich your life and cause a more pleasant passing.

The Roosevelt Era :: American History

Chapter 30 American on the World Stage 1899-1909 Summary: Foreign affairs led Roosevelt from domestic to international involvement. Page:673-681 Columbia blocks the Canal Foreign affairs absorbed much of Roosevelt’s energy and had more knowledge of outside world than most of his predecessors. Americans from Spanish-American War wanted canal across the Central American isthmus to augment the strength of the navy by increasing its mobility, defend recent American acquisitions (Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Philippines, and facilitate operations of American merchant marine. Initial obstacles was legal ones. Ancient Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with British in 1850 U.S Could not secure control over such route. 1901 with unfriendly European power and Boer War, British consented to Hay-Pauncefote Treaty it gave the U.S. right to build canal and right to fortify it as well. Locations of the canal was a controversy. Many Americans like the Nicaraguan route but the French Canal Company was not want this failing S-shaped Panama. New Panama Canal company suddenly dropped the price of its holding. Nicaragua was objected because of its volcanic activity. Congress accepted the Panama route after Hanna persuasion. U.S. negotiation with Colombian a treaty favorable to the U.S. It lease the 6 mile for $10 million and annual payment of $250,000. Colombian rejected because it was its most valuable natural assets and later truth was $ not enough. Eager to be elected prez and mad at the outcome. 1904 proclaimed he want the canal built and critizen the treaty rejector blocking the onward march of civilization. Uncle Sam Creates Puppet Panama Panamanians ready for another revolt because fear prosperity would be gone it U.S. now turn to Nicaraguan route. Buanu-Varilla did not want company to lose money + revoluntionists+fire fighters+Colombian troops. 1903 Panama revolution occurred when Colombian troops were gathered to crush uprising but U.s. naval forces would not let them cross isthmus with justification of treaty 1846 that U.S. was obligation to maintain perfect neutrality of the isthmus against outsiders. Roosevelt quickly made Panana it outpost of u.S. Buanau-Varilla (now Panamanian minister) signed the Hya-Bunau-Varilla treaty in WA. Everthing the same but canal space widen and French company pocketed money from U.S. treasury. U.S. suffered from Roosevelt because European imperialists scorn at America’s uperior moral pretensions. Completing the Canal and Appeasing Colombia Panama made an ugly U.S.

Bag Lady

â€Å"Bag Lady' Life's ups and downs come to all walks of life. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade. Baggage in life comes in all forms. Time heals all things, but people have to let go of the baggage in their lives that keeps them from moving on. They hold the keys to the doors in their lives and no one can turn the key but them. In the song â€Å"Bag Lady', Eureka Baud gives a wake up call for women to know what bags to hold on to, what bags to let go of, and what bag has the ticket for the bus that will move them on to bigger and better things In life.Eureka Baud said â€Å"bag lady, you goon hurt your back,' dragging all them bags Like hat. ‘ I guess nobody ever told you/ all you must hold on to is you, is you, is you. † This verse says to let go of all the disappointment people find in their lives and put them- selves first and make it all about them. The second verse says â€Å"One day all them bags goon get in your way/ one day all them bags goon get in y our way†¦ So pack light. † The second verse Is emphasizing the fact that women must learn how to let go of the excess baggage that pulls them down in order to survive.The third verse in â€Å"Bag Lady† says â€Å"Bag lady you goon' miss your bus/ you can't hurry up coos you've got too much stuff. This excerpt from the song tells women that by holding on to all the negative disappointment in their lives, they will end up missing out on opportunities to Improve themselves, that will move them on to bigger and better things in life. In â€Å"Bag Lady. † Eureka Baud mentions different types of women with different types of baggage that they hold on to that keeps them down.Baud is saying that bag ladies come from all walks of life. They are or have been at one point in time been the woman in the mirror and they have the power to change who they are or who they have become. The empowering keywords in† Bag Lady† are â€Å"Bet way love could make it be tter. † All Eureka Is saying Is to know your self-worth, and open the door to self-esteem; without It you have no chance at love, peace, Joy, power, and a sound mind.Accord ring to Leo Bogie, of Hawaii. Dude â€Å"Without self-worth, doubts and fears about our very existence will persist until they invalidate our dreams and vision, and undermine our greatest accomplishments†. Monica Poole English 102 Mr.. Green Bag Lady By Englishmen â€Å"Bag Lady† on to bigger and better things in life. Eureka Baud said â€Å"bag lady, you goon hurt your back/ dragging all them bags like hem bags goon get in your way†¦ So pack light. The second verse is emphasizing the The third verse in â€Å"Bag Lady' says â€Å"Bag lady you goon' miss your bus/ you can't missing out on opportunities to improve themselves, that will move them on to bigger In â€Å"Bag Lady,† Eureka Baud mentions different types of women with different types have become. The empowering key words in† Bag Lady' are â€Å"Bet way love could make it All Eureka is saying is to know your self-worth, and open the door to self-esteem; without it you have no chance at love, peace, Joy, power, and a sound mind.