The African-American Odyssey Essay Example for Free

The African-American Odyssey Essay The liberation of the African slave who was presently disengaged from their conventions and lifestyle after almost 300 years, is apparently an incredible spout from the dam to the rhythmic movements of the battle. The finish of servitude as we probably am aware it, introduced a chunk of blended feelings among the country; North and SOUTH. A few slaves were horribly euphoric to be free. For instance, when a slave young lady named Caddy, from Goodman, Mississippi discovered she was free, went to her fancy woman, flipped up her dress and revealed to her Kiss my rear end! Despite what might be expected, a few slaves were troubled of being free. For instance, one old slave lady apparently stated, I ain no free nigger! I is got a marster and mistiss! Dee right dar in de incredible house. Ef you wear trust me, you go dar a see. Despite the fact that most slaves were withdrawn from their families, many figured out how to pull together and discover their adoration ones after their liberation and developed affectionate families. Land was a reasonable methods for endurance in the brains of recently freedmen and the legislature was anxious to consider grounds to the ex-slaves . On January 16, 1865, General William T. Sherman told the freedmen that they will get the land they were looking for. They were conceded the leader of every family would get possessory title to forty sections of land of land. Sherman likewise gave the utilization of Army donkeys, in this way offering ascend to the motto, Forty sections of land and a donkey. Also in 1862 the Union military put aside land in Port Royal, South Carolina, which got known as the Port Royal test. The freedmen agency was made to help recently liberated slaves in the change from servitude to opportunity in 1865. After Lincolns death the progression of his Vice president, Andrew Johnson, to the administration implied that the white proprietors of the terrains, that were given to the freedmen, would be returned. Sharecropping turned into such an ebb in the stream of the African-American movement most definitely. Introduced as work decreases by white land proprietors, the establishment of servitude was reached out under a haze of obligation. In which, the dark family, oft times became indebted individuals because of the absence of trustworthiness on the record of their white loan specialist. Beside family, among African-Americans, the dark church turned into the most significant establishment. In addition to the fact that it filled profound otherworldly and moving needs, it offered improving music, gave good cause and sympathy to those out of luck, created network and political pioneers, and was liberated from white management. With the finish of subjection, blacks who at that point needed to go to administrations with white parishioners who regarded them as below average Christians, could now arrange and go to their own houses of worship. The coming of the dark church certainly realized a stream in the waterway of battle for African-Americans. Training was another stream in the waterway of battle and a basic methods for endurance among ethnic minorities. It corresponded nearby opportunity. All who were versed in training of various types were gathered to educate the freedmen and their youngsters. Educators from all strolls appeared. Classes were held in chapels, old slave markets, corrals, bars, homes, and previous slave lodges. Financing originated from different strict and political associations and the Freedmens Bureau. Albeit white educators helped somewhat, dark instructors were applauded all through the negro network on the grounds that, as Rev. Richard H. Cain said , We should assume control over the instruction of our race Fair, stately whites may show well, however it has not the impact to lift up the dark keeps an eye on assessment of his own race, since they have consistently been prone to see white men in regarded positions, and regarded. Most schools and colleges for blacks showed rudimentary and auxiliary level educational plan. The presentation of the verifiably dark schools and colleges was framed from the possibility of an advanced education for non-white individuals. Amidst the freshly discovered opportunity, strict association, and training of Negroes which was an undeniable stream, a reoccurring ebb introduced itself as savagery. Equity for the person of color was never considered in those occasions. A huge number of guiltless African-Americans were shockingly killed without a solitary conviction of a white culprit whom submitted the demonstrations. On the killings, dark towns, organizations, temples, and schools were obliterated on account of the irate white southerners. The Failure of Reconstruction For the first run through ever, a gathering of individuals of color had simultaneously became government officials. They were joined by the carpetbaggers of the north and the villains of the south in the Republican voting demographic. Of the 1,000 men chose as representatives to the ten state shows, 265 were dark. All in all, they drafted new, striking constitutions that, in contrast to the past constitutions, permitted all men to cast a ballot; even the ex-Confederates. In spite of the fact that, the Republicans showed sympathy upon their dealings with their adversaries, the rowdy Southern conscience rose again against the confirmation of the new constitutions. At the appropriate time, the dominant part managed to endorse and in each state, individuals of color were chosen for workplaces. As time advanced, about 1,500 individuals of color were in office around the all through the south. Among those were any semblance of Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram R. Revels, Joseph Rainey, Jonathan J. Wright, Francis L. Cardozo, Robert Smalls, and Ferdinand Havis. This was a stream that prompted inescapable ebb in the waterway of battle for African-Americans. That ebb introduced itself as the slow disappointment of reproduction. Issues, for example, instruction, social government assistance, social equality, land, and organizations tormented the Republican casing of thought day by day. The dark heads endeavors to encourage instruction all through the dark and helpless white networks bombed by and large. Absence of assets is the best fault for the irregularity. At that point, there were no isolation laws, yet whites would not release their kids to class with blacks. In spite of the fact that a legitimate exertion among African-Americans was given toward social liberties, they didn't get the regard that each other honest resident got. For instance, they were not obliged at inns and on open transportation, nor were they filled in as paying clients at different organizations. The blacks who worked for the white landowners were being deceived day by day as though they were still in bondage. White managers would either terminate the laborer before the reap or make up amazing expenses and obligations. Some fair didnt pay by any stretch of the imagination! Dark pioneers became burnt out on the theft and made laws to wipe out such happenings. The dispersion of land among landless, yeomen, ranchers didnt occur in some other state yet South Carolina. More than fourteen thousand dark families and a couple of white families, got land. Dark organizations, sadly, didn't and couldn't prosper because of the absence of assets during the growing of the railroad. Different organizations made attractive measures of benefit however the African-American entrepreneurs couldn't trade out. Dark government officials established the framework for open help, training, criminal equity change in any case, couldn't do whatever straightforwardly managed their kin. Reason being, was that they were the minority in the Republican party and actually, were not permitted to confirm their own plan. Additionally, they couldnt concede to most things since they originated from various different backgrounds. Quibbling all through the Republican party started a high turnover in political initiative and the loss of that exceptionally financial security? This made for unpracticed authority and added to Republican hardships. Resistance went to the gathering in different manners; Such as, the preservationist Democrats who kept on pestering blacks who in any capacity took part in the political procedure and the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan, was established in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866, by ex-confederate officers who were dead set on killing or potentially threatening any individual who didnt submit to southern culture. They utilized any methods important to expel blacks from governmental issues. The Enforcement Act of 1870 was passed to forbid Klansmen from wearing their formal attire out in the open and secured the social equality of dark residents. The next year the Ku Klux Klan Act was passed and it made the obstruction of a people option to cast a ballot, hold office, jury obligation and equivalent assurance a government offense. The fifteenth amendment was passed in 1869, and later endorsed in 1870. It unmistakably communicated the option to cast a ballot to all residents however neglected to address the education tests, property ownership rule, or the survey charge that kept on plagueing voters. Radical Republicans and northern whites the same became depleted with the reliance of blacks, (through their eyes) and viewed them as unfit to be associated with the political framework. They felt that remaking had been a slip-up. The Freedmens Bank was established in 1865 and done well until the white governing body absurdly put resources into Washington, D. C. land. The Panic of 1873 realized a critical misfortune in unbound railroad credits. Subsequently, the bank shut in 1874. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a demonstration of well meaning goals, yet it was governed unlawful by U. S. Preeminent Court Justice Joseph Bradley who, composed that the Fourteenth Amendment shielded individuals of color from separation by states however not by private organizations. The finish of Reconstruction was as ruthless and combative as the start. Blacks would not cast a ballot in light of the fear mongering dispensed upon them by the southern Democrats. The withdrawal of the government troops that were to secure the privileges of minorities individuals left the dark residents without any methods for barrier and they in this way needed to bow down to the various slaughters that were to happen. The trade off of 1877, in which, Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Haynes, ran for the administration, achieved more viciousness towards blacks and deteriorated as time passed.

Treaty Of Versailles is Justified Essays -- World War I 1 WWI WW1

Bargain of Versailles World War I was at last finished in 1918 after the Treaty of Versailles was agreed upon. Harmony settlements were marked on June 28, 1918 at the Hall of Mirror in Versailles, Paris. The Treaty was an understanding among the United States, Great Britain, and France. Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, and David Lloyd, who spoke to the Large Three nations, worked together in arranging the Treaty. The Treaty of Versailles was intended to debilitate Germany and give Germany full fault for causing the war. The Treaty executed gigantic reparations to Germany which would devastate Germany's economy, despite the a large number of dead united warriors. The settlement carefully constrained the German's military. Germans were moreover compelled to withdraw from their homes in Russia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine and come back to Germany or Austria. Moreover Germany needed to give back any land having a place with different nations. With no other option, Germany marked the harmony settlements. The Treaty of Versailles was without a doubt supported, Germany was emphatically the fundamental instigator of the war and its inordinate mercilessness of battling incited the war all the more especially. Along these lines, making the corrects to Germany was balanced due to all the demolition Germany had activated. The Treaty of Versailles was reasonable for Germany in light of the fact that, the essential starter of the war was Germany. A few elements ?clashes with Serbia-Germany pronounced wars-intrusion of Belgium-Germanys assaulting plans, all prompted the defense of T of V which demonstrated it was reasonable. Following the death of Archduke Francis, of Austria-Hungry. Germany gave Austria a ?limitless ticket to ride in different terms, a confirmation of help regardless of the expenses. This basic activity binds to one factor ... ...the arrangements weren?t sufficiently unforgiving.? However some may contend that, ? ..serious as the arrangement appeared to be it ought to be recollected that Germany may effortlessly have constrained considerably more awful, if Clemenceau?s had his direction.? Anyway through all the exorbitant harmed Germans have caused all through the WWI, to arrangement is legitimate. Unquestionably the Treaty of Versailles is advocated through all the thought processes that Germany had. The bargain arrangements all bind to the beginning of the new war, World War II. The settlement made a savage system in Germany and in the long run the beginning of the Nazi party. One extremist pioneer Adolph Hitler , depicted such system. He didn?t need to acknowledge any of the modifications and began to brace Germany, and conflicted with some T of V arrangements, he sent soldiers to into the Rhineland. Brief timeframe after Hitler attacked Poland, which in the end began WWII.

Relationships in Shakespeares As You Like It Essay -- Shakespeare As

Connections in As You Like It   â Articulate that sentence on me, my master. I can't live out of her company(Shakespeare cited in Norton Anthology 1611). Who offered these comments about the dear Rosalind, was it Celia, the one whom she calls 'coz', or is Orlando the man that she is enamored with? The inquiry at that point becomes if Celia said these words what was her importance. Is it that Celia is pulled in to Rosalind as in excess of a companion or is this only a case of the female fellowships of the time? This is a gander at the various elements of connections during the Renaissance. Those connections of female companions, male holding and homoeroticism in As You Like It.  During the Renaissance the fellowship between females was significant. As of now in history there came when a lady was not, at this point thought about appealing to a man. At the point when she arrives at this point the kinship that she shapes among herself and another female replaces a marriage. The female fellowship appears to show up in an explicitly social type of female modesty which changes the trademark manliness of kinship talk in the period (Shannon 658). A case of the fellowship that exists among Celia and Rosalind in As You Like It can be found in Act 3 scene 4 lines 1-5:  Rosalind: Never converse with me. I will sob. Celia: Do, I prithee, yet have the beauty to consider that tears don't turn into a man Rosalind: But have I not cause to sob? Celia: As great motivation as one would want; in this way sob (Shakespeare cited in the Norton Anthology 1634)  In this discussion Celia takes on the manly job despite the fact that it is Rosalind that is dressed as a man. Celia is extremely solid at a point... ...ts are as yet present. It is a troublesome circumstance to state if a relationship is really sensual or in the event that it is just the perspectives that our cutting edge society is setting on it. A general public wherein sex sells and it doesn't make a difference who the relationship is between.  Works Cited Sedgwick, Eve. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York. Columbia Univ. Press1985 Shannon, Laurie. Emilia's Argument: Friendship and 'Human Title' in The Two Noble Kinsmen. ELH 64.3 (1997) 657-682 Strout, Nathanial. As You Like It, Rosalynde, and Mutuality. SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 41.2 (2001) 277-295 Traub, Valerie. The Renaissance of Lesbianism in Early Modern England. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 7.2 (2001) 245-263 Walen, Denise. Developments of Female Homoerotics in Early Modern Drama. Theater Journal 54.3 (2002) 411-430

British Industrialzation Essay - 3025 Words

The Role of Technology in British Industrialization during the 18th Century (Essay Sample) Content: The Role of Technology in British Industrialization during the 18th CenturyNameInstitutionCourseInstructorDate IntroductionThis paper discusses the extent to which technological growth is regarded as a change that came from outside Britains industrialization during the 18th century.The extent of technological innovation at this period was significant in the textile factories. This is due to the fact that textile factories were the first inventions in the British industrial revolution. Necessity also played a key role in technological invention because industries were looking for more efficient and cost-effective methods of production, and reliable transportation means to transport finished products to the market. Increasing demand in the global market for industry products encouraged mass production and the invention of technologies that can increase production. The adoption of technology became necessary to the point that no key industry player could stay in business without invention and innovation. The fact that the textile businesses were focused on making profit made technological innovations a key aspect of industrial production. This shift in terms of all the businesses having a common approach towards making of profits made technology more relevant and open to the industries. In this paper a critical focus will be directed towards explaining the extent to which various exogenous factors in technology contributed to British industrial revolution. The paper argues that technology was, to a large extent, an exogenous factor that combined with necessity to accelerate the pace of Britains industrial growth during the 18th century. Development The term exogenous implies that it is a change that came from outside the British industrialization thus implying that various innovations had already commenced thus triggering later innovations that revolutionizedBritish industries in the 18th century. This is valid since the industrial revolution came after various strides had been made in the technology innovation sector in the society. For instance, the historian Professor Crafts argued that the Britains cotton spinning machines may not have been invented in England, but elsewhere such as in France. This observation suggests that British industrialization benefited from earlier technological inventions. Technology growth is an exogenous factor due to the fact that various technological and commercial activities in the society triggered the acceleration of industrial revolution activities. The pre-industrial society was characterized by a slow and steady rise of technology innovations that changed a majority of aspects in the manner of living. The fact that necessity the mother of invention and technology innovation was staking place in the pre-industrial age the extent at which striking innovations were being made was very slow. The rate of innovation that took place during the industrial revolution was characterized by a sing le innovation which opens up various platforms for other innovations to take place. The ability of technology to come up with industrial production through use of various developed machinery gave rise to mass production. Among important innovations were some micro inventions closely linked technological developments that indicate the extent by which innovation was taking place during the pre-industrial revolution period. The gains made as a result of advancement towards industrial machines were in the fields of textile, steam power and ironmaking. Under textiles various macro inventions development of a mechanized cotton spinning machines took place. The machine effectively increased the workers output and this opened up the platform for development of the cotton gin, cotton weaving and spinning machines. These machines effectively increased the workers output and led to increased production. In the iron making industry technology innovation was able to substitute coke for charc oal thus significantly lowering the energy cost in the industries. The increased energy ensured smelting of iron in mass since coke had the ability to be used in the blasts. This indicates the technology extent increment during the industrial revolution. The use of coke energy technology opened up a platform for other innovation such as the use of cast iron lowing cylinders and steam power.A steam power also enhances the steam engine efficiency thus greatly enhancing fuel conservation. This opened a platform for the adoption of steam powered engines with rotary motion thus enhancing industrial output efficiency.The industrial revolution in the economic perspective can be described as a steady increment in the growth rate of total and per capita output. The rate of production was higher thus regarded as revolutionary compared to the rate of production that was being witnessed before. Growth increment is regarded as development due to the fact that trade played in the industrial growt h. Therefore industrial revolution can be viewed as a self-integrated in the manufacture output that radically changed the British society. Given that a general production mechanism consists of inputs, capital, raw materials labor and technology.The key driver towards production during the industrial revolution is technology; this is due to the fact that it played the role of determining the optimal material ratios, labor inputs and capital. Technology is a vital variable that is used in determining the given efficiency and rate of production during the process of transformation. This is estimated with regard to the units of output and the input units relative to each other. The increased technical development in the early stages of industrial revolution such as watts steam engine and the iron rolling process are regarded as transformative factors that effectively led to the industrialrevolt. The use of metal technology while using the decentralized power sources that were permitted by the technological inventions led to the birth of industrialrevolution.The constraints brought about by employment of old technological method to the outputs were eased by the advancement of new technology.The effects of technology towards demand is an important aspect given that looking at what led to the technological advancement and giving birth to industrial revolution forms the major part of this paper. Feedback loops are employed toexamine technology and society. This is due to the fact that they had a deep impact to the growth and development of the economy.The early British society relied on agriculture but with the rise in the industrial revolution and technological development the agrarian class moved to the industrial centers to offer the labor force required.Crafts writes that Macro inventions were central to economic development in this period, however, and these are best seen as exogenous technological shocks. The achievement of the agrarian revolution was therefor e part of the exogenous technological shocks that set the ground for the industrial revolution. For instance, agricultural activities created the situation of necessity in which produce had to be moved to the market, effectively helping to jumpstart the development of transport infrastructure from which the industrial revolution benefited heavily. The peasants and small scale farmers formed a majority of the work force since Technology innovation marked the dramatic shift from agriculture to development of industries thus presenting them with a unique opportunity.The theory of unfettered economic growthThis theory effectively describes the feedback process being used so as to enhance the continuity in market growth while basing on the supply side. On the supply side more efficient and specialized techniques are used in conducting the investigation. The profits are invested towards the development of these techniques of production. The use of the feedback process has the abilityto st eer continuous market growth thus connecting supply and demand over a given time frame.The output in a certain production level ensures there is an increment in output through increased in levels of productivity. The falling rates of levies and taxes also enhanced economic growth and expansion.On the side of demand, capacity expansion ensures that enough employment opportunities are created. In situations where the wages are partly low the employment opportunities created will increase significantly the living standards. The availability of finished products from the industries will be able to meet the demand that will increase as a result of improved living standards through more purchases. This theory forms its core significance in the advancement and growth of the middle class labor systems in place. This is also known as the theory of market expansion. The relative market indicators including prices of goods, service quality and delivery details are not affected immensely if th e levels of supply and demand are kept at par with each other. When the demand remains high and the cost of operations such as capital, labor and cost of various materials will become low. The profits being made will remain consistent and returned back to the highly productive investment so as to steer further growth. The 18th century was partly faced with fallout in prices which were able to be revived after the technological innovation phase that witnessed industrial revolution.The mechanism of profit producing growth and growth producing profit cycle isutilized so as to bring out the general idea of an industrial economy. Other factors that efficiently contributed to the development of the industrial economy include the availability of adequate labor, raw materials and physical capital thus enhancing their effectiveness in the economy. The rising average income proved to be sufficient in enhancing the demand of various goo... British Industrialzation Essay - 3025 Words The Role of Technology in British Industrialization during the 18th Century (Essay Sample) Content: The Role of Technology in British Industrialization during the 18th CenturyNameInstitutionCourseInstructorDate IntroductionThis paper discusses the extent to which technological growth is regarded as a change that came from outside Britains industrialization during the 18th century.The extent of technological innovation at this period was significant in the textile factories. This is due to the fact that textile factories were the first inventions in the British industrial revolution. Necessity also played a key role in technological invention because industries were looking for more efficient and cost-effective methods of production, and reliable transportation means to transport finished products to the market. Increasing demand in the global market for industry products encouraged mass production and the invention of technologies that can increase production. The adoption of technology became necessary to the point that no key industry player could stay in business without invention and innovation. The fact that the textile businesses were focused on making profit made technological innovations a key aspect of industrial production. This shift in terms of all the businesses having a common approach towards making of profits made technology more relevant and open to the industries. In this paper a critical focus will be directed towards explaining the extent to which various exogenous factors in technology contributed to British industrial revolution. The paper argues that technology was, to a large extent, an exogenous factor that combined with necessity to accelerate the pace of Britains industrial growth during the 18th century. Development The term exogenous implies that it is a change that came from outside the British industrialization thus implying that various innovations had already commenced thus triggering later innovations that revolutionizedBritish industries in the 18th century. This is valid since the industrial revolution came after various strides had been made in the technology innovation sector in the society. For instance, the historian Professor Crafts argued that the Britains cotton spinning machines may not have been invented in England, but elsewhere such as in France. This observation suggests that British industrialization benefited from earlier technological inventions. Technology growth is an exogenous factor due to the fact that various technological and commercial activities in the society triggered the acceleration of industrial revolution activities. The pre-industrial society was characterized by a slow and steady rise of technology innovations that changed a majority of aspects in the manner of living. The fact that necessity the mother of invention and technology innovation was staking place in the pre-industrial age the extent at which striking innovations were being made was very slow. The rate of innovation that took place during the industrial revolution was characterized by a sing le innovation which opens up various platforms for other innovations to take place. The ability of technology to come up with industrial production through use of various developed machinery gave rise to mass production. Among important innovations were some micro inventions closely linked technological developments that indicate the extent by which innovation was taking place during the pre-industrial revolution period. The gains made as a result of advancement towards industrial machines were in the fields of textile, steam power and ironmaking. Under textiles various macro inventions development of a mechanized cotton spinning machines took place. The machine effectively increased the workers output and this opened up the platform for development of the cotton gin, cotton weaving and spinning machines. These machines effectively increased the workers output and led to increased production. In the iron making industry technology innovation was able to substitute coke for charc oal thus significantly lowering the energy cost in the industries. The increased energy ensured smelting of iron in mass since coke had the ability to be used in the blasts. This indicates the technology extent increment during the industrial revolution. The use of coke energy technology opened up a platform for other innovation such as the use of cast iron lowing cylinders and steam power.A steam power also enhances the steam engine efficiency thus greatly enhancing fuel conservation. This opened a platform for the adoption of steam powered engines with rotary motion thus enhancing industrial output efficiency.The industrial revolution in the economic perspective can be described as a steady increment in the growth rate of total and per capita output. The rate of production was higher thus regarded as revolutionary compared to the rate of production that was being witnessed before. Growth increment is regarded as development due to the fact that trade played in the industrial growt h. Therefore industrial revolution can be viewed as a self-integrated in the manufacture output that radically changed the British society. Given that a general production mechanism consists of inputs, capital, raw materials labor and technology.The key driver towards production during the industrial revolution is technology; this is due to the fact that it played the role of determining the optimal material ratios, labor inputs and capital. Technology is a vital variable that is used in determining the given efficiency and rate of production during the process of transformation. This is estimated with regard to the units of output and the input units relative to each other. The increased technical development in the early stages of industrial revolution such as watts steam engine and the iron rolling process are regarded as transformative factors that effectively led to the industrialrevolt. The use of metal technology while using the decentralized power sources that were permitted by the technological inventions led to the birth of industrialrevolution.The constraints brought about by employment of old technological method to the outputs were eased by the advancement of new technology.The effects of technology towards demand is an important aspect given that looking at what led to the technological advancement and giving birth to industrial revolution forms the major part of this paper. Feedback loops are employed toexamine technology and society. This is due to the fact that they had a deep impact to the growth and development of the economy.The early British society relied on agriculture but with the rise in the industrial revolution and technological development the agrarian class moved to the industrial centers to offer the labor force required.Crafts writes that Macro inventions were central to economic development in this period, however, and these are best seen as exogenous technological shocks. The achievement of the agrarian revolution was therefor e part of the exogenous technological shocks that set the ground for the industrial revolution. For instance, agricultural activities created the situation of necessity in which produce had to be moved to the market, effectively helping to jumpstart the development of transport infrastructure from which the industrial revolution benefited heavily. The peasants and small scale farmers formed a majority of the work force since Technology innovation marked the dramatic shift from agriculture to development of industries thus presenting them with a unique opportunity.The theory of unfettered economic growthThis theory effectively describes the feedback process being used so as to enhance the continuity in market growth while basing on the supply side. On the supply side more efficient and specialized techniques are used in conducting the investigation. The profits are invested towards the development of these techniques of production. The use of the feedback process has the abilityto st eer continuous market growth thus connecting supply and demand over a given time frame.The output in a certain production level ensures there is an increment in output through increased in levels of productivity. The falling rates of levies and taxes also enhanced economic growth and expansion.On the side of demand, capacity expansion ensures that enough employment opportunities are created. In situations where the wages are partly low the employment opportunities created will increase significantly the living standards. The availability of finished products from the industries will be able to meet the demand that will increase as a result of improved living standards through more purchases. This theory forms its core significance in the advancement and growth of the middle class labor systems in place. This is also known as the theory of market expansion. The relative market indicators including prices of goods, service quality and delivery details are not affected immensely if th e levels of supply and demand are kept at par with each other. When the demand remains high and the cost of operations such as capital, labor and cost of various materials will become low. The profits being made will remain consistent and returned back to the highly productive investment so as to steer further growth. The 18th century was partly faced with fallout in prices which were able to be revived after the technological innovation phase that witnessed industrial revolution.The mechanism of profit producing growth and growth producing profit cycle isutilized so as to bring out the general idea of an industrial economy. Other factors that efficiently contributed to the development of the industrial economy include the availability of adequate labor, raw materials and physical capital thus enhancing their effectiveness in the economy. The rising average income proved to be sufficient in enhancing the demand of various goo...

The Cove Film Analysis - 1418 Words

The Cove (Louie Psihoyos, 2009) is a documentary, which follows activist Ric O’Barry and The Ocean Preservation Society to expose the brutal dolphin slaughter in Taiji, Japan. The film constructs a sense of realism through naturalistic aesthetic codes and conventions. These conventions relate to the texts content, style, form and audience response and reception. The Cove employs these four levels of realism to construct a sense of authenticity and to position the audience into understanding a negative point of view portrayed about the dolphin slaughter in Taiji. The convention of content in the documentary concerns the implementation of true events, as well as the casting of real people. The style of The Cove focuses on the manipulation of†¦show more content†¦Ensuring that the cast of a documentary are real people and not actors is also a technique that The Cove incorporates to create a sense of realism. The entire cast of The Cove are established activists who were well known prior to the film for the work they have contributed towards marine protection in organizations such as ‘The Ocean Preservation Society’ and ‘The Sea Sheppard Conservation Society’. Short clips of Ric O’Barry’s history with Flipper the dolphin, and news clips concerning his several arrests were displayed various times during the documentary. Moreover, the featuring of established politicians such as Japan’s International Whaling Commission (IWC) delegate, Joji Morishita and Japan s Fisheries Agency Hideki Moronuki, assists in visually showing the audience that the cast and featured people are not actors, and have been working in their current field for years. These codes and conventions of naturalistic aesthetics concerning content, constructs a sense of realism due to the information and footage presented being filmed from ‘the real world’. 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How Do People Explain Their Own And Other People s Behavior

How do people explain their own and other people s behaviour? Social cognition is the term given to how humans process and store social information (that we attain from observing and interacting with others) and how this information affects our perceptions and behaviour. Humans strive to understand the behaviour of others and ourselves; the process of trying to understand this is known as attribution. There are several theories of attribution processes that will be explored in this essay, such as Heider’s (1958) naà ¯ve scientist theory, Weiner’s (1979) attributional theory, Jones and Davis’s (1965) correspondent inference theory and Kelley’s (1967) co-variation model. Attribution can be affected by our schemas (knowledge about particular concepts based on previously attained information), as well as characteristics of the person/people we are attempting to understand and the context surrounding the behaviour. 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Sustainability Accounting and Accountability for Environment

Question: Discuss about theSustainability Accounting and Accountability for Environment. Answer: Introduction The Deepwater Horizon spill is a very controversial topic and although in the beginning the general public put full responsibility on BP for what they perceived to be negligence and disregard for the environment on the companys part that caused the manmade disaster, the blame quickly shifted on the Americans government because its response was not deemed strict and impactful enough given the serious nature of the situation. The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill out more than twenty categories of important and profitable ecosystem services in the Gulf of Mexico as well as around it, some of it generating at least US$12-47 billion per year as it is the case for ecosystem services for the Mississippi River Delta. The Deepwater Horizon spill almost caused the extinction of the Louisiana commercial fishery which would have been a hard hit to the economy of the state as it generates US$2.5 billion per year (Houdet, Germaneau, 2011). To understand the full magnitude of the situation as well as the appropriate responses the involved parties need to have had it is important to look at the public interest theory as well as the role of regulators meaning politicians. Interest theory and role of regulators. According to the interest theory, regulations are policies that are determined by market forces, supply and demand but in this case, it is between the government who is the supply component and other interests groups who make the demand component (Uno and Bartelmus, 2013). The interest theory states that regulations are not developed by politicians but by industries, and the main purpose of these regulations is to create advantages for every player operating in those industries. So it is understandable why the general public felt that the government was being too lenient when setting sanctions for BP as the Oil and gas industry is one that designed the regulations that govern the market including lenient penalties for oil leakage because the well-being of its members matters the most. Also, industries operate these regulations without any interference from external mechanisms. Further, regulators permit players in an industry to participate in the decision-making regarding economic m atters that affect them, and although these representative groups are small in size to minimize running costs they will always act for the benefit of the members of the industry first, and the society comes second (Russel and Dey, 2017). So consumers that were affected by the Deepwater Horizon spill like the twenty categories of ecosystem services will not be the focal point when sanctions are being set because of the phenomena of cross-subsidization meaning that the regulations in the Oil and gas industry were developed to benefits companies the industry such as BP more than related industries in which the Louisiana commercial fishery operates in. The role of regulators is to impose the regulations that the industry has designed for itself to accomplish the economic goals of a country. So it would not have been possible for the American government to give anything else other than a pretax charge of US$40.9 billion as a penalty for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill because doing otherwise would have violated industry regulations and interfere with the accomplishment of some of the countrys economic goals. Another role that regulators have always had is to find ways to use the least amount of energy, time and money when dealing with different issues and to allow industries in develop regulations that will govern them is the best way to accomplish that role (Gray and Owen, 2014). Motivations of politicians as regulators and my personal opinion On paper, what motivates politicians to regulate an industry is the best interest of the society or the general public, but in reality politicians, they enforce regulations for their own benefit, and as a result, they are not predictable (Bebbington and ODwyer, 2014). For example, the regulations in the oil and gas industry are lenient because most of them have invested in companies like BP and it would not be in their best interest for the company to fall even if a lot of people depend on the ecosystem services. As regulators, politicians have perfected the art of not taking into consideration certain groups in the decision-making process to ensure that proper and fair decisions are not made regarding regulatory measures to enforce. Most of the time, the best interest of the society is not taken into consideration because all politicians are focusing on is ensuring that the members of a particular industry are happy and content in exchange for political support for example funding c ampaigns. Another thing is that when government establish regulatory agencies, they are usually controlled by people who have personal interest in certain industries so when it comes to enforcing regulations they will never act against them, and as a result they allocate resources per the needs of industry instead of the society(Gray and Owen, 2014). Because their personal interest drives them when regulating industries, I agree with the article that regulation for oil and gas activities needs to be increased and more reliable environmental accounting and reporting is one of the best ways to achieve that. Companies are responsible for most environmental problems we are facing today because of their goals for profit maximization, rapid technological developments and well as reckless consumption of natural resources. Oil and gas are one of the industries who greatly impact the environment due to the overproduction and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) causing air and water pollution as in the cause of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environmental accounting will be greatly beneficial for both internal and external stakeholders as it will help evaluate the environmental impact errors will have on organizational operations involving water, air, and soil as well as the health and safety of employees and the society in general. More reliable environmental accounting will facilitate compliance with internal, local and national environmental standards which will allow companies to develop much more effective techniques in preventing environmental errors (Gandhi, Dalvadi, 2017). More reliable environmental reporting will be greatly helpful in ensuring that companies are careful in their operations in order them to discharge any responsibilities to the society and future generations as inefficient use of natural resources and pollution of the environment will interfere with their quality of life. More reliable environmental reporting will also strengthen a companys responsibility to its stakeholders because by disclosi ng full environmental information will make it less likely for companies to commit any act that does not have societys best interest at heart. Increased environmental accounting and reporting would have increased the legitimacy of BP because, after the Deepwater Horizon oil Spill, internal and external stakeholders needed be reassured that the company has learned from its mistakes and that it will do everything possible to ensure that an incident that like never occurred again but BP failed to do that. Conclusion The Deepwater Horizon spill or the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill was a serious and extreme environmental crisis that should receive equally serious and extreme responses from both regulators and BP, but they failed to that in an attempt to hide the real nature of the situation to both internal and external stakeholders. Regulators should ensure that interest of the society is the main focus, but they choose to put their personal interests first which creates a reckless atmosphere in the oil and gas industry when it comes to the use of natural resources. There is the need to have more reliable environmental accounting and reporting as it benefits both organizations and the society in general with its future generations. References Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B. eds., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Gandhi, T., Dalvadi, Y. (2017). An analytical study on social environmental accounting and reporting. International Journal of Research in Management Social Science, 5(2). Gray, R., Adams, C. and Owen, D., 2014.Accountability, social responsibility and sustainability: Accounting for society and the environment. Pearson Higher Ed. Houdet, J., Germaneau, C. (2011). The finaicial impacts of BOs response to the Deepwater Horison Oil Spill: Comparing damage evaluation approaches highlighting the need for more reliable environmental accounting and reporting. Synergiz. Russell, S., Milne, M.J. and Dey, C., 2017. Accounts of Nature and the Nature of Accounts: Critical reflections on environmental accounting and propositions for ecologically informed accounting.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, (just-accepted), pp.00-00. Uno, K. and Bartelmus, P. eds., 2013.Environmental accounting in theory and practice(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media.